1. U.S. Census Bureau Geocoding Services API

AgencyU.S. Census Bureau (Department of Commerce)
Dataset / ProductPublic_AR_Current Address Geocoder REST Service
Official URLhttps://geocoding.geo.census.gov/
Query MethodHTTP GET parsed structured/unstructured address geocode query
Fields ConsumedMatched address, WGS84 latitude/longitude, TIGER/Line ID, benchmark
Known LimitationsInterpolated street centerline ranges (TIGER/Line). Does not represent surveyed parcel boundaries.

2. USGS / MRLC NLCD 2021 Land Cover

AgencyU.S. Geological Survey (USGS) & Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium (MRLC)
Dataset / ProductNLCD 2021 Land Cover (NLCD_2021_Land_Cover_L48)
Official URLhttps://www.mrlc.gov/
Query MethodWMS 1.1.1 GetFeatureInfo coordinate point query
Fields ConsumedPALETTE_INDEX mapped to official NLCD 30m land cover class
Known LimitationsRepresents the mapped 30-meter raster cell containing the Census-geocoded coordinate. Does not determine parcel land use or zoning.

3. USDA NRCS Soil Data Access (SSURGO)

AgencyNatural Resources Conservation Service (USDA NRCS)
Dataset / ProductSoil Data Access (SDA) WQL Tabular REST Service
Official URLhttps://sdmdataaccess.nrcs.usda.gov/
Query MethodSDA PostQuery WQL spatial point query (`SDA_Get_Mupolygonkey_from_pt`)
Fields ConsumedMUKEY, Map Unit Name, Map Unit Symbol, Dominant Component Name & %, Slope Range, Drainage Class, Hydrologic Group
Known LimitationsSSURGO map units represent soil complexes containing multiple component soils. Does not prove point-specific soil engineering suitability.

4. USGS 3D Elevation Program (3DEP)

AgencyU.S. Geological Survey (USGS / Department of the Interior)
Dataset / Product3DEP Elevation Point Query Service (EPQS)
Official URLhttps://www.usgs.gov/3dep
Query MethodHTTP GET JSON point query (`/v1/point`)
Fields ConsumedElevation value in meters, converted elevation in feet, raster ID
Known LimitationsDigital Elevation Model (DEM 1/3 arc-second ~10m resolution). Non-survey-grade ground elevation.

5. USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD HUC12)

AgencyU.S. Geological Survey & USDA NRCS
Dataset / ProductWatershed Boundary Dataset (WBD Layer 6 MapServer)
Official URLhttps://www.usgs.gov/wbd
Query MethodESRI MapServer layer 6 spatial point query (`esriSpatialRelIntersects`)
Fields ConsumedHUC12 code, subwatershed name, states, area in sq km and acres, downstream HUC
Known LimitationsHydrologic subbasin boundary (HUC12). Does not determine local property drainage patterns.

6. FEMA National Flood Hazard Layer (NFHL)

AgencyFederal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
Dataset / ProductNFHL Layer 28 MapServer (`S_Fld_Haz_Ar`)
Official URLhttps://hazards.fema.gov/gis/nfhl/
Query MethodESRI MapServer layer 28 spatial point query (`esriSpatialRelWithin`)
Fields ConsumedFLD_ZONE, ZONE_SUBTY, SFHA_TF, FLD_AR_ID
Known LimitationsRequires live NFHL GIS query response. Upstream resets or timeouts return explicit UNAVAILABLE state without zone inference.

7. Documented Upstream Provider Blockers & Status

Provider / ServiceAttempted EndpointObserved StatusTechnical Reason for Handling
USFWS National Wetlands Inventory (NWI)`fwsprimary.wim.usgs.gov/server/rest/services/Wetlands/MapServer/0/query`HTTP 500 Query ErrorUSFWS primary MapServer currently fails direct ESRI point/envelope queries. Handled gracefully as `UNAVAILABLE` without fake wetland data.
EPA AirNow / OpenAQ AQI`api.openaq.org/v2/latest`HTTP 410 Gone / Key RequiredOpenAQ v1/v2 endpoints retired; OpenAQ v3 and EPA AirNow require authenticated API keys. Handled as `UNAVAILABLE` without fake AQI defaults.